{"id":947,"date":"2026-01-17T12:34:22","date_gmt":"2026-01-17T12:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/rechtsanwaltsblog\/?p=947"},"modified":"2026-02-16T16:03:27","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T16:03:27","slug":"auslanderrecht-das-heiratsvisum-und-der-ehegattennachzug-zu-deutschen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/foreign-law-the-marriage-visa-and-the-reunification-of-spouses-with-germans\/","title":{"rendered":"Marriage visa and subsequent immigration of spouses to Germany - requirements, procedure and legal remedies (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Anyone who wants to bring their foreign partner to Germany is faced with a key decision: <strong>Marriage visa<\/strong> or <strong>Spousal reunification<\/strong>? Both routes lead to a residence permit - but they differ considerably in terms of the procedure, the requirements and the typical stumbling blocks. This article explains both procedures in detail: the requirements, the specific procedure, the question of language proof (and when it can be avoided), as well as the legal remedies in the event of rejection. It is based on the current regulations of the Residence Act and my experience from over 19 years of counselling in immigration and migration law. Do you have a specific question about your case? I advise nationwide - call 0221 - 80187670 or write to info@mth-partner.de.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Heiratsvisum_%E2%80%94_Was_ist_das_genau\"><\/span>Marriage visa - What is it exactly?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Definition:<\/strong> A marriage visa is a category D national visa in accordance with Section 6 (3) AufenthG. It authorises the foreign fianc\u00e9 to enter Germany in order to get married here in a civil ceremony. It is neither a Schengen visa nor a visitor visa - the distinction is important because the wrong visa category can jeopardise the entire procedure (more on this below). The visa is usually issued for three months. The marriage must take place during this period. After that, the foreign spouse applies to the relevant immigration authority for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/foreign-law-residence-purposes-for-obtaining-a-residence-permit\/\">Residence permit<\/a> to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/immigration-law-the-various-purposes-of-residence-for-family-reasons\/\">Family reunification<\/a> in accordance with \u00a7 28 Para. 1 No. 1 AufenthG. <strong>In short:<\/strong> The marriage visa is the right visa if you want to get married in Germany and your partner does not yet have a residence permit. It is the first step towards a residence permit.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voraussetzungen_fur_das_Heiratsvisum\"><\/span>Requirements for the marriage visa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_allgemeinen_Voraussetzungen_%C2%A7_5_AufenthG\"><\/span>The general requirements (\u00a7 5 AufenthG)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Every national visa requires that the applicant has a valid passport, that there are no grounds for deportation and that the entry requirements are met. In the case of a marriage visa, there is a special feature: the applicant's livelihood is not proven by their own income, but by a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/immigration-law-the-legal-consequences-of-the-declaration-of-commitment-regarding-the-reimbursement-of-social-benefits\/\"><strong>Declaration of commitment<\/strong><\/a> of the fianc\u00e9 living in Germany (\u00a7\u00a7 66-68a AufenthG). This also applies if the fianc\u00e9 is a German citizen - a point that often causes confusion in practice.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Besondere_Voraussetzungen\"><\/span>Special requirements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In addition to the general authorisation requirements, the Embassy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Certificate from the registry office<\/strong> on the registration for marriage (\u00a7 13 Para. 4 PStG). No marriage visa will be issued without this certificate - it is proof that the registry office has checked the documents and that the marriage can take place.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Declaration of commitment<\/strong>, issued by the responsible <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/services\/immigration-law\/\">Immigration office<\/a> at the place of residence of the German fianc\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A1 language certificate<\/strong> - the fianc\u00e9 must provide proof of basic German language skills. More on this in a moment, as this is the point at which most procedures come to a standstill.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Heiratsvisum_ohne_A1_%E2%80%94_wann_der_Sprachnachweis_entfallt\"><\/span>Marriage visa without A1 - when the language certificate is not required<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The question \u201eCan I have a <strong>Marriage visa without A1<\/strong> is probably the most frequently asked question in my office. The short answer: yes, but only in very limited exceptional cases. The detailed answer is more important because it is the strategy that determines success or failure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exception 1: Illness or disability.<\/strong> If the fianc\u00e9 is unable to learn German due to a physical, mental or psychological impairment, proof of language proficiency may be waived. This must be documented by a medical certificate from a specialist - experience has shown that a simple certificate from the family doctor is not sufficient. The embassies require a comprehensible medical justification that shows the causal connection between the illness and the inability to learn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exception 2: Unsuccessful learning efforts over at least one year.<\/strong> This exception is more relevant in practice and at the same time the one that goes wrong the most. The basic idea is simple: anyone who has demonstrably tried for a year and still fails the test should not be separated from their spouse indefinitely (see BVerfG, decision of 25 March 2011 - 2 BvR 1413\/10 on the constitutional proportionality of the language requirement). The problem lies in the proof. The embassies expect complete documentation: course registrations, certificates of attendance, examination results, evidence of the frequency of lessons. In such cases, I always have clients who only take a short time to compile such documentation and provide it to me. They are saving money in the wrong place. The better such documentation is, the better the chances of success. Those who only start to put together their learning efforts after the rejection usually have a problem. <strong>My advice:<\/strong> Start with the documentation on the first day of the language course. Keep every registration, every receipt and every exam result. If it is foreseeable after six months that the exam will not be passed, consult a lawyer - not after twelve months.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exception 3: Lack of German courses in the country of origin.<\/strong> In some regions - for example in rural areas of Central Asia or Africa - there is simply no possibility of attending a German course. Online courses are increasingly being accepted by embassies as an alternative, which has limited the scope of this exception in recent years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exception 4: Exemption according to \u00a7 41 AufenthV.<\/strong> Citizens of certain countries - including the USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, South Korea and Israel - are exempt from the language requirement as they are assumed to have a lower need for integration. This exemption applies by law and does not have to be applied for separately.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In short:<\/strong> There are four exceptions to the A1 language certificate: Illness\/disability, unsuccessful learning efforts over one year, lack of course offerings in the country of origin, and citizenship of an exempt country. In all cases, documentation is decisive.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Heiratsvisum_beantragen_%E2%80%94_der_Ablauf_in_der_Praxis\"><\/span>Applying for a marriage visa - the process in practice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The process is divided into three phases that run in sequence. Each phase has its own requirements and pitfalls.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phase_1_Standesamt_in_Deutschland\"><\/span>Phase 1: Registry office in Germany<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Before a visa can even be applied for, the <strong>Registration for marriage<\/strong> at the competent German registry office. This sounds like a formality - but it is not. The registry offices require extensive documentation and it can take months to obtain it:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Birth certificates of both fianc\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Valid passports or identity cards<\/li>\n<li>Registration certificate of the fianc\u00e9 living in Germany<\/li>\n<li>Foreign fianc\u00e9's certificate of no impediment to marriage (if required under the home country's law - the requirements vary greatly depending on the country of origin)<\/li>\n<li>For previous marriages: legally binding divorce decree or death certificate<\/li>\n<li>Certified translations of all foreign-language documents by a sworn translator<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All foreign documents must be legalised or provided with an apostille. The specific requirements depend on the country of origin - for countries that have acceded to the Hague Convention, an apostille is sufficient; for other countries, legalisation by the German embassy is required. The next step can only be taken once the registry office has confirmed the completeness of the documents and issued the certificate in accordance with \u00a7 13 Para. 4 PStG.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phase_2_Visumsantrag_bei_der_Botschaft\"><\/span>Phase 2: Visa application at the embassy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The application is made in person at the relevant German embassy abroad. Some embassies allocate appointments online, others via a call centre - and at some embassies the appointment allocation itself can take several months. In particular, German embassies in third countries (non-European countries) from typical immigration countries play an inglorious role here.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Checkliste_%E2%80%94_erforderliche_Unterlagen_beim_Visumsantrag\"><\/span>Checklist - required documents for visa applications:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Completed and signed application form (VIDEX - long-term residence)<\/li>\n<li>Valid passport (valid for at least three months beyond the duration of your stay, at least two blank pages)<\/li>\n<li>Two biometric passport photos (35 \u00d7 45 mm)<\/li>\n<li>Certificate from the registry office (Section 13 (4) PStG)<\/li>\n<li>A1 language certificate (accepted are Goethe-Institut, \u00d6SD, telc, TestDaF)<\/li>\n<li>Declaration of commitment (\u00a7\u00a7 66-68a AufenthG, not older than six months)<\/li>\n<li>Copy of the passport\/identity card of the fianc\u00e9 living in Germany<\/li>\n<li>Registration certificate (not older than six months)<\/li>\n<li>Proof of health insurance (can also be submitted to some embassies when the visa is issued)<\/li>\n<li>Complete curriculum vitae in tabular form with addresses and contact details<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The embassies may request further documents in individual cases. Incomplete applications will be rejected - it is worth working carefully here.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phase_3_Beteiligung_der_Auslanderbehorde\"><\/span>Phase 3: Involvement of the foreigners authority<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Upon receipt of the application, the embassy forwards the case to the foreigners authority at the German fianc\u00e9's place of residence. The foreigners authority examines the case and issues a statement. The German fianc\u00e9 is often invited to a personal interview. The embassy can only issue the visa once the foreigners authority has given its approval.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wie_lange_dauert_das\"><\/span>How long does it take?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The honest answer: In many cases too long. The processing time depends crucially on the respective diplomatic mission abroad. In my experience from working with clients:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Central Asia (e.g. Bishkek): 4-6 weeks - comparatively fast<\/li>\n<li>Turkey: 2-4 months<\/li>\n<li>Lebanon (Beirut): 2-4 months<\/li>\n<li>Philippines (Manila): 3-6 months, sometimes significantly longer<\/li>\n<li>Pakistan (Islamabad): 3-6 months, in individual cases considerably longer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In recent years, there have been considerable problems with the German embassies in Pakistan in terms of time. This was mainly due to the fact that these embassies also had to fulfil special tasks for other countries. The time taken at the German Embassy in Tehran is also very problematic. If the processing time exceeds three months, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/immigration-law-action-for-failure-to-act-for-a-visa-for-family-reunification-with-son-and-husband\/\">Action for failure to act<\/a> an effective instrument at your disposal. More on this in the section on legal remedies.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ehegattennachzug_zu_Deutschen_%E2%80%94_%C2%A7_28_Abs_1_Nr_1_AufenthG\"><\/span>Spouse reunification with Germans - Section 28 (1) no. 1 AufenthG<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Definition:<\/strong> Spousal reunification is the procedure by which a foreign spouse joins their German spouse living in Germany and receives a residence permit for family reunification. In contrast to the marriage visa - where there is no marriage yet - the legal situation is stronger here. The law grants a <strong>Legal claim<\/strong> to the residence permit; the authority has no discretion. The legal basis is \u00a7 28 Para. 1 No. 1 AufenthG for spouses of German nationals. The provision translates the constitutional protection of marriage and family (Art. 6 GG) into simple law - and this protection has concrete effects in practice, particularly with regard to the question of securing a livelihood.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Was_setzt_der_Ehegattennachzug_zu_Deutschen_voraus\"><\/span>What are the requirements for spouse reunification with Germans?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The marriage must be valid. Marriages concluded abroad are generally recognised in Germany as long as they do not violate German public policy (\u00a7 138 BGB analogously). A legalisation or apostille of the marriage certificate is required - and the verification of the authenticity of the marriage certificate by the embassy can take a considerable amount of time. The German spouse must <strong>habitual residence in Germany<\/strong> have. Both spouses must be at least 18 years old (Section 28 (1) sentence 4 in conjunction with Section 30 (1) sentence 1 no. 1 AufenthG). The spouse joining you must generally provide proof of basic German language skills (A1) - with the same exceptions as described above for the marriage visa. And there must be no grounds for deportation.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Der_wichtige_Unterschied_Lebensunterhalt\"><\/span>The important difference: livelihood<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In the case of spousal reunification with Germans, the livelihood of the spouse moving to Germany must generally be <strong>cannot be proven<\/strong>. This fundamentally distinguishes reunification with Germans from reunification with foreigners (\u00a7 30 AufenthG), where the provision of maintenance is regularly required. The background to this is Article 6 of the Basic Law: The state may not make the establishment of marital cohabitation dependent on financial capacity if one spouse is German. The Federal Administrative Court has clarified that only in atypical exceptional cases can proof of maintenance security be demanded (BVerWG, judgement of 16 August 2011 - 1 C 12.10, on the interpretation of the rule granting requirement). In practice, I regularly experience the opposite. Immigration authorities demand proof of salary, rental contracts and bank statements from German nationals - as a prerequisite for being allowed to bring their own spouse to Germany. According to the aforementioned case law of the Federal Administrative Court, such a demand is generally unlawful unless there is an atypical exceptional case. For example, I often find that smaller immigration authorities in particular stubbornly insist on demanding proof of income when reuniting with a German spouse. This is unlawful and in the vast majority of cases I can rectify this within a very short time. If this happens to you, you should not accept the demand without checking it. In such cases, I first point out the legal situation to the authorities out of court - and enforce my clients' rights in court if necessary.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ehegattennachzug_zu_Deutschen_ohne_A1\"><\/span>Spousal reunification with Germans without A1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The exceptions to proof of language proficiency apply to the reunification of spouses in the same way as for marriage visas. However, there is a difference in the consequence: If the exception is granted and the spouse enters the country without any knowledge of German, he or she is obliged to provide proof of language proficiency in accordance with \u00a7 44a AufenthG. <strong>Participation in an integration course<\/strong> obliged. This is not an optional offer, but a legal obligation, the non-observance of which can have consequences under residence law - up to and including the shortening of the residence permit.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rechte_nach_der_Einreise\"><\/span>Rights after entry<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>After entering the country with a visa to join a spouse, the foreign spouse applies to the immigration authority for a residence permit in accordance with \u00a7 28 Para. 1 No. 1 AufenthG. This is initially issued for a limited period - usually three years. The spouse immediately receives the unrestricted right to gainful employment (\u00a7 28 Para. 5 AufenthG) and is entitled to participate in an integration course. If the marital partnership continues after three years and the other requirements are met - in particular sufficient knowledge of German and basic knowledge of the legal and social order - a residence permit can be issued. <strong>Settlement permit<\/strong> (\u00a7 28 Para. 2 AufenthG) can be applied for. This is an unlimited right of residence.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Heiratsvisum_oder_Ehegattennachzug_%E2%80%94_was_ist_der_richtige_Weg\"><\/span>Marriage visa or spouse reunification - which is the right way?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Marriage visa<\/th>\n<th>Spousal reunification<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Initial situation<\/td>\n<td>Marriage is not yet finalised<\/td>\n<td>Marriage already exists<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal basis<\/td>\n<td>\u00a7 Section 6 (3) AufenthG<\/td>\n<td>\u00a7 Section 28 (1) no. 1 AufenthG<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Declaration of commitment<\/td>\n<td>Required<\/td>\n<td>Not required<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Livelihood<\/td>\n<td>About declaration of commitment<\/td>\n<td>Generally not required for reunification with Germans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Registry office certificate<\/td>\n<td>Mandatory required<\/td>\n<td>Not applicable (marriage is concluded)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A1 language certificate<\/td>\n<td>Basically yes<\/td>\n<td>Basically yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Visa validity period<\/td>\n<td>Max. 3 months<\/td>\n<td>Until the AE is granted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>In short:<\/strong> Anyone who is not yet married and wants to get married in Germany needs a marriage visa. Anyone who is already married - regardless of whether the marriage took place in Germany, Turkey, the Philippines or Denmark - applies for spousal reunification. Some couples are faced with the question of whether it makes more sense to get married abroad and then apply for spousal reunification or to choose the marriage visa. There is no general answer to this question. The advantage of reuniting with a spouse is that no declaration of commitment is required. However, the recognition and verification of the foreign marriage certificate by the embassy can take additional time. In my counselling sessions, I clarify which route is faster and safer in each individual case.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13156 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Heiratsvisum-oder-Ehegattennachzug.webp\" alt=\"Marriage visa or spouse reunification - which is the right way?\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Heiratsvisum-oder-Ehegattennachzug.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Heiratsvisum-oder-Ehegattennachzug-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Heiratsvisum-oder-Ehegattennachzug-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Heiratsvisum-oder-Ehegattennachzug-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Heiratsvisum-oder-Ehegattennachzug-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Einreise_mit_Schengenvisum_zur_Heirat_%E2%80%94_ein_riskanter_Weg\"><\/span>Entering the country on a Schengen visa to get married - a risky route<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The question comes up in almost every counselling session: \u201eCan't my partner just come with a tourist visa and we can get married here?\u201c The civil marriage itself is organised with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/immigration-law-staying-in-germany-with-a-schengen-visa-visitors-visa\/\">Schengen visa<\/a> is generally possible - the registry office does not check which visa the fianc\u00e9 entered the country on. The problem arises afterwards: For the subsequent permanent residence, the foreigners authority requires entry with the correct national visa. Anyone who intended to marry and stay in Germany from the outset, but only applied for a tourist visa, has made false statements in the visa procedure - a reason for deportation according to \u00a7 55 Para. 2 No. 1 AufenthG. The consequence: departure, application to the embassy in the home country, re-entry. For the couple, this means another separation of months. There is a <strong>Exception<\/strong>If the decision to marry was actually made spontaneously during the visit, the residence permit can be issued without leaving the country under certain circumstances (\u00a7 39 No. 3, 2nd Var. AufenthV). However, the burden of proof lies with the applicant - and experience shows that the authorities are sceptical here.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zur_Heirat_in_Danemark\"><\/span>Marriage in Denmark<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Some couples switch to Denmark because the bureaucratic requirements for marriage are significantly lower there than in Germany - in particular, there is usually no need for a certificate of no impediment to marriage, which is difficult to obtain for many countries of origin. Marriages concluded in Denmark are fully recognised in Germany. However, the following also applies here: For subsequent permanent residence in Germany, the foreigners authority generally requires the visa procedure to be repeated at the German embassy in the home country. Marriage in Denmark therefore solves the registry office problem - but not the visa problem. For couples where the foreign partner can enter Denmark (and the Schengen area) without a visa, marriage in Denmark can still be a sensible option: The registry office formalities are considerably simplified and subsequent spousal reunification can be applied for on the basis of the Danish marriage certificate. However, it should be noted that the German immigration authorities often have (unfounded) doubts as to whether a marriage entered into in Denmark is worthy of protection.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scheinehe_%E2%80%94_wie_die_Behorden_prufen_und_wie_man_sich_wehrt\"><\/span>Marriage of convenience - how the authorities check and how to defend yourself<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pursuant to Section 27 (1a) AufenthG, family reunification is not permitted if the marriage was entered into solely for the purpose of obtaining a residence permit or if one spouse was forced to marry. The authorities use various instruments to check the authenticity of a marriage. The most common are separate interviews with both spouses - at the embassy and at the foreigners authority - in which questions are asked about getting to know each other, everyday life and joint life plans. The answers are compared. As <strong>Indications for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/a-visa-for-family-reunification-is-only-granted-if-the-marriage-is-deemed-to-be-worthy-of-protection\/\">Marriage of convenience<\/a><\/strong> Among other things, the authorities consider a large age difference, a lack of common language skills, only brief or no personal contact before the marriage, contradictory statements during the interview or the payment of a sum of money for the marriage. None of these indications alone is sufficient for a refusal - but the combination of several factors can be sufficient. The OVG Berlin-Brandenburg has clarified in several decisions that the authority must substantiate the suspicion with concrete facts and that a mere presumption is not sufficient (see OVG Berlin-Brandenburg, decision of 16 October 2017 - OVG 3 S 60.17). The burden of presentation and proof lies with the authority, not the applicant. <strong>What helps in practice:<\/strong> The most important defence against an accusation of fictitious marriage is preparation. Document your relationship from the very beginning: Chat histories, photos, flight bookings, hotel bills from travelling together, bank transfer receipts. If you are invited to a separate interview, do not discuss the answers with your partner beforehand - this would be counterproductive if it transpired that the answers are too identical. Instead, be honest, even if your memory of details is patchy. Gaps in your memory are normal; rehearsed perfection is suspicious. Cases in which the woman is older than the man and, in particular, is no longer at an age at which she can have children are always problematic. But even these cases can be solved with experience and perseverance.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rechtsmittel_bei_Ablehnung_%E2%80%94_was_Sie_tun_konnen\"><\/span>Legal remedies in the event of rejection - what you can do<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Verpflichtungsklage\"><\/span>Compulsory action<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Now that remonstration has been abolished across the board, the only option is to file a lawsuit. The competent court for all lawsuits against German missions abroad worldwide is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/immigration-law-visa-for-spousal-reunification-and-requirements-for-proving-support-of-a-terrorist-organization\/\"><strong>Berlin Administrative Court<\/strong><\/a> (\u00a7 52 No. 2 VwGO). The action is aimed at obliging the embassy to issue the visa. Court costs and lawyers' fees are incurred, but will be borne by the other party if the case is successful. The duration of proceedings at the VG Berlin is currently at least 9 months.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Untatigkeitsklage\"><\/span>Action for failure to act<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If the embassy or foreigners authority simply does not make a decision - and this happens more often than you might think - an action for failure to act in accordance with Section 75 VwGO is available after three months. It is an effective means of exerting pressure: experience has shown that the mere announcement or submission of an action for failure to act often leads to the application being processed quickly. This procedure rarely leads to a decision, but rather to an agreement with the Federal Foreign Office.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eilantrag_einstweilige_Anordnung\"><\/span>Emergency application (temporary injunction)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In particularly urgent cases - for example, if a marriage date is in danger of expiring, a pregnancy is involved or there are other serious personal reasons - an urgent application can be made in accordance with \u00a7 123 VwGO. The court can order the embassy to issue a provisional visa or to expedite processing by way of a temporary injunction. The hurdle is high (the claim for an order and the reason for the order must be substantiated), but in the right constellations the urgent application is indispensable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In short:<\/strong> In case of rejection - remonstration (free of charge, fast). If the remonstration is unsuccessful - action for a declaration of obligation at the VG Berlin. In the event of failure to act - action for failure to act after three months. In case of particular urgency - urgent application according to \u00a7 123 VwGO. The choice of the right legal remedy depends on the individual case.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Haufige_Fragen\"><\/span>Frequently asked questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Was_ist_ein_Heiratsvisum_und_wie_unterscheidet_es_sich_vom_Schengenvisum\"><\/span>What is a marriage visa and how does it differ from a Schengen visa?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A marriage visa is a category D national visa in accordance with Section 6 (3) AufenthG, which authorises entry to Germany for the purpose of marriage - and subsequently enables you to apply for a residence permit. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/immigration-law-staying-in-germany-with-a-schengen-visa-visitors-visa\/\">Schengen visa<\/a> (category C), on the other hand, only authorises a short stay of a maximum of 90 days within 180 days and is not intended for permanent residence.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kann_ich_ein_Heiratsvisum_ohne_A1-Sprachnachweis_bekommen\"><\/span>Can I get a marriage visa without A1 language certificate?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes, in exceptional cases defined by law: in the case of proven illness or disability that makes language learning impossible; in the case of documented unsuccessful learning efforts over at least one year; in the case of a lack of availability of German courses in the country of origin; or in the case of citizenship of a country exempted under \u00a7 41 AufenthV. The documentation of learning efforts should be systematically built up from the first day of the course.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muss_mein_Ehepartner_als_Deutscher_den_Lebensunterhalt_nachweisen_um_mich_nach_Deutschland_zu_holen\"><\/span>As a German, does my spouse have to prove that he or she can support me in order to bring me to Germany?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>According to the case law of the Federal Administrative Court, proof of livelihood is generally not required for the reunification of spouses with Germans. If the immigration authority nevertheless requests proof of income, there is usually no legal basis for this. In such cases, it is advisable to consult a lawyer.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wie_lange_dauert_es_bis_ich_ein_Heiratsvisum_bekomme\"><\/span>How long does it take to get a marriage visa?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This depends very much on the diplomatic mission abroad. In my experience, the processing time is between four weeks and six months. If the processing time exceeds three months, there is the possibility of an action for failure to act in accordance with \u00a7 75 VwGO.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Was_kann_ich_tun_wenn_mein_Visumsantrag_abgelehnt_wurde\"><\/span>What can I do if my visa application has been rejected?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Three options are available: Remonstration (free of charge, informal, no deadline), an action to compel compliance at the Berlin Administrative Court, or, in urgent cases, an urgent application under Section 123 VwGO. The choice of the right legal remedy depends on the individual case.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wird_eine_im_Ausland_geschlossene_Ehe_in_Deutschland_anerkannt\"><\/span>Is a marriage contracted abroad recognised in Germany?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Basically yes. A marriage validly contracted abroad is recognised in Germany and can serve as the basis for spousal reunification. The marriage certificate must be legalised or apostilled. Verification by the embassy may take additional time.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mein_Ehepartner_hat_die_A1-Prufung_mehrfach_nicht_bestanden_Was_nun\"><\/span>My spouse has failed the A1 test several times. What now?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If the examination is not passed despite demonstrable, serious learning efforts over at least one year, an exemption from the language requirement can be applied for. The decisive factor is the complete documentation of all efforts from the outset. The Federal Constitutional Court has made it clear that the language requirement must not lead to the marital partnership being prevented indefinitely (BVerfG, decision of 25 March 2011 - 2 BvR 1413\/10).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Erhalt_mein_Partner_automatisch_einen_Aufenthaltstitel_durch_die_Heirat\"><\/span>Does my partner automatically receive a residence permit through marriage?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No. Marriage entitles the holder to a residence permit, but the title must be actively applied for at the relevant immigration authority. It is not issued automatically.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Was_kostet_ein_Heiratsvisum\"><\/span>What does a marriage visa cost?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The visa fee for a national visa is currently 75 euros. There are also costs for translations, legalisations, apostilles and, if applicable, the A1 language course. The total costs vary considerably depending on the country of origin.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kann_ich_nach_der_Heirat_sofort_in_Deutschland_arbeiten\"><\/span>Can I work in Germany immediately after marriage?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes, the residence permit in accordance with \u00a7 28 Para. 1 No. 1 AufenthG authorises you to pursue any gainful employment (\u00a7 28 Para. 5 AufenthG). A separate work permit is not required.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wann_kann_mein_Ehepartner_eine_Niederlassungserlaubnis_beantragen\"><\/span>When can my spouse apply for a settlement permit?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>After three years of holding the residence permit and the continuation of the marital partnership, a permanent residence permit can be issued. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mth-partner.de\/en\/overview-of-german-residence-titles-like-visa-temporary-residence-title-aufenthaltserlaubnis-permanent-residence-title-iederlassungserlaubnis\/\">Settlement permit<\/a> can be applied for in accordance with \u00a7 28 Para. 2 AufenthG. Prerequisites include sufficient knowledge of German and basic knowledge of the legal and social order.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Drei_Fehler_die_Sie_vermeiden_sollten\"><\/span>Three mistakes you should avoid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>1. wrong visa.<\/strong> If you enter the country with a Schengen visa and want to get married in Germany, you run the risk that the immigration authorities will demand that you repeat the entire visa procedure - with a new separation and months of waiting time.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2. underestimate the language certificate.<\/strong> The A1 certificate is the biggest hurdle for many applicants. Start the German course early and document everything - even and especially when things get difficult.<\/li>\n<li><strong>3. accept unlawful claims.<\/strong> According to the case law of the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG), living expenses are generally not a reason for refusal when reuniting with a German spouse. If your immigration authority takes a different view, it is worth consulting a lawyer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>If you have any questions or need support<\/strong>, you can reach me at <strong>0221 - 80187670<\/strong> or by e-mail to <strong>info@mth-partner.de<\/strong>. I advise and represent clients nationwide in all matters relating to marriage visas and the subsequent immigration of spouses.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Especially in times of globalisation, it is becoming increasingly common for German nationals to find their partners abroad. However, the conditions under which these foreign partners can come to Germany are very confusingly regulated in the Residence Act.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13153,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3662],"tags":[405,705,706,711,812,834,1001,1114,1454,1471,1456,1469,1519,1521,1633],"class_list":["post-947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-visum","tag-auf-einfache-art-in-der-deutschen-sprache-verstandigen","tag-ehegattennachzug-zu-deutschen-familiennachzug-zu-deutschen-gem--28-abs-1-nr-1-aufenthg","tag-ehegattennachzug-zu-deutschen-voraussetzungen","tag-eheschliesung-mit-einem-deutschen","tag-erteilungsvoraussetzungen-fur-visa-fur-die-einreise-nach-deutschland","tag-familiennachzug-zu-auslandern","tag-heiratsvisum-voraussetzungen","tag-klage-ehegattennachzug","tag-rechtsanwalt-koln-aufenthaltserlaubnis","tag-rechtsanwalt-koln-visum","tag-rechtsanwalt-koln-ehegattennachzug","tag-rechtsanwalt-koln-remonstration","tag-remonstration-bzw-die-klage-vor-dem-verwaltungsgericht","tag-remonstration-ehegattennachzug","tag-sprachqualifikation-des-auslanders"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Heiratsvisum &amp; Ehegattennachzug zu Deutschen 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Heiratsvisum Deutschland beantragen oder Ehegattennachzug zu Deutschen? \u2713 Voraussetzungen \u2713 Ablauf Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt \u2713 Ohne A1? \u2713 Rechtsmittel bei Ablehnung. 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